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Among the a lot more well-liked firewall goods for the modest company industry will be the Cisco PIX 501. Out with the box it demands just a number of configuration entries and you’re up and running.
In this guide, we will walk via the actions for configuring your brand new pix in the network edge.
This guide is written for the user who has no information with the PIX firewall. As such, it truly is not a treatise on network security, but a fast, by-the numbers guide to configuring a PIX firewall with as small jargon as probable.
We’re assuming which you have an world-wide-web connection with a minimum of 1 static IP address. Although the PIX can very easily deal with a dynamic IP address (that’s the default configuration), you will not have the ability to simply configure remote access, VPNs, Mail, or internet servers with out a static IP address.
Your PIX must have come with an AC adapter, a yellow CAT five cable, an orange CAT5 cable as well as a flat, (usually) baby blue cable having a 9-pin serial connector on 1 finish and an RJ-45 plug on the other.
The yellow CAT5 cable is usually a regular Ethernet cable and is utilized to connect your pc or server towards the 4-port Ethernet switch built into the PIX. The Orange CAT5 cable can be a cross-over cable and might be necessary to connect the outside interface with the PIX to your ISP’s router (if your PC’s or workstations are plugged into a Cisco switch inside the network, you’ll also call for a cross-over cable for connecting to among the switch ports on the PIX).
What we’re going to utilize for our configuration will be the baby blue rollover cable. Insert the serial jack into among the serial ports on the back with the PC or laptop you might be working with to configure the PIX. Then, insert the RJ-45 plug into the port on the back with the PIX labeled “console.”
Windows has a built in application that’s applied for (amongst other factors) configuring serial devices. Employing the start off menu, go to begin > Programs > Accessories > Communications > Hyper Terminal.
Pick the Hyper Terminal application. You could get a dialog box asking if you’d like to create Hyper Terminal your default telnet application. Unless you may have a preference, go ahead and select yes.
Then you might be asked for the region code from which you might be dialing, even though it is not applicable here, the program nonetheless desires to know, so fill it in and click ‘next’ or ‘ok.’
You may call the connection anything you’d like; in this example we’ll use PIX. Click ‘ok’ to move on.
Subsequent, we’ll be asked to enter the particulars for the telephone number we’d like to dial. Because we are not dialing a telephone number, use the drop-down selector in the bottom with the box to decide on COM1 or COM2 (whichever is applicable). For those who have no concept which 1 is which, you might require to attempt it each approaches.
Now, you may be expected to tell the application some specifics concerning the port settings to ensure that it can efficiently communicate using the PIX.
Luckily, it is not too complicated, just bear in mind 9600, 8, none, and 1. Enter these settings into the drop down selectors with the box on your screen.
Now we’re prepared to set up the PIX. Insert the energy cable and you’ll be greeted using the startup monologue (it is not a dialog in this case; it is just informing you of what exactly is occurring).
Then, you might be greeted using a screen that asks if you’d like to program the PIX employing interactive prompts. For the objective of this physical exercise, kind no and click ‘enter’.
You are going to now get a prompt that looks like this: pixfirewall>
Sort the word ‘enable’ (no quotes), when prompted for the password, just click ‘enter’ as the default is no password.
/>
The prompt has changed to a hash mark: Pixfirewall#
Kind the phrase ‘configure terminal’ (no quotes); that you are telling the PIX which you wish to enter the global configuration mode and you may be performing your configuration by way of the terminal window.
Your prompt will now appear like this: pixfirewall(config)#
The initial factor we need to do is give your pix a host name. The PIX command syntax is: Variable name
Therefore, to set the hostname we will enter: pixfirewall(config)# hostname mypix
Now, the domain name; it is alright in the event you do not have a domain set up on your network, you are able to call it whatever you like. Even so, give some believed to whether or not a domain could be a possibility at some point and strategy your naming scheme appropriately.
pixfirewall(config)# domain-name mydomain.com
As you may see from the configuration above, the ethernet0 interface may be the outside interface, using a security setting of 0, although ethernet1 may be the inside interface having a security setting of 100. Furthermore, you may see that the interfaces are shutdown. All we require do to bring them up is enter the speed at which they need to operate. As they’re Ethernet interfaces, any software program version immediately after 6.three(three) will take 100full, prior to that, use 10full.
pixfirewall(config)# interface ethernet0 100full
pixfirewall(config)# lnterface ethernet1 100full
Now to assign an address towards the inside and outside interfaces; the ip address command sets the ip address of an interface. The syntax is as follows: Ip address
An example may be as follows: Ip address outside
pixfirewall(config)# ip address outside 12.25.241.two 255.255.255.252 (this IP address, netmask mixture ought to not be applied, it can be shown here for instance only. Use the IP address/mask given to you by your ISP).
Then the inside IP address
ip address inside
pixfirewall(config)# Ip address inside 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0
A brief word about IP addressing is in order here.
1 way which is applied to conserve public IP addresses is by way of the use of non-routable IP addressing blocks specified in RFC 1597. You might occasionally hear them referred to as “private” IP addresses, which is fine, but not very technically accurate. You will find 3 unique blocks to select from: 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255 using a netmask of 255.0.0.0
172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255 having a netmask of 255.255.0.0
192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255 using a netmask of 255.255.255.0
so long as your internal network’s IP addresses are all inside 1 of those blocks of address space, you’ll not require to introduce the complexity of routing inside your LAN. An example scheme for people who aren’t familiar is shown below: PIX – 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
File/DHCP server – 192.168.0.two netmask 255.255.255.0
Workstations – 192.168.0.10 – 192.168.0.254 netmask (each and every) 255.255.255.0
* I intentionally skipped more than the 192.168.0.3-9 addresses to strategy for future expansion along with the feasible will need for further servers, you do not need to do this.
* Configure your DHCP server to hand out addresses within the specified block making use of your ISP-provided DNS servers for name resolution. Be sure to alter this need to you ever determine to install a name server inside your personal network.
* When you do not desire to set up a DHCP server, just configure every PC using the IP address, default gateway, netmask & DNS servers
It truly is very important now to add a default route towards the PIX configuration. Another term for default route may be the “default gateway.” You want to tell the PIX that if it receives traffic destined for a network that is not directly connected, it must send it towards the connected ISP router. Your ISP really should have given you the IP address of your default gateway when you received your setup information.
Here could be the syntax: Route
The English translation is “if packets destined for interface on the network specified by network address are bounded by mask then route it by way of a subsequent hop in the optional command is applied to give an indication of distance.
By way of example
pixfirewall(config)# Route outside 0 0 1
(if packets are destined outside the network to any ip address with any netmask, send them via the ISPs default gateway, which is 1 hop away, meaning it truly is the device to which the PIX is connected on the outside interface).
To password protect your PIX in order to prevent unauthorized access, use something that’s secure and hard to guess. Attempt to stay away from the names of spouses, children, pets, birthdays or other effortlessly guessed variable. Whenever achievable, use a mixture of letters and numbers. The syntax is as follows (but please do not use cisco as your actual password)
pixfirewall(config)# Passwd cisco (note the abbreviated spelling with the word password) this will set a password for basic access (rembember the pixfirewall> prompt?)
pixfirewall(config)# Enable password cisco this will set the password for administrative access
Now that your PIX has been given a basic configuration, you really should have the ability to access the world wide web, even though preventing unauthorized access to your resources.
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